Subject: English Studies
Class: Primary 1
Topic: Phonics – Production of Basic Sounds
Duration: 40 minutes
Week: [1]
Term: [Third Term]
A. Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, pupils should be able to:
Recognize and name the letters of the alphabet.
Produce the correct sounds (phonemes) for each letter (A–Z).
Blend basic letter sounds to form simple words (e.g., c-a-t = cat).
Distinguish between vowels and consonants.
Demonstrate the sounds with simple word examples.
B. Instructional Materials
Alphabet flashcards
Phonics chart (with letters and pictures)
Word cards (e.g., cat, bat, pen)
Audio recordings of letter sounds (optional)
Whiteboard and markers
Songs and rhymes (e.g., “ABC Song” or “Jolly Phonics”)
C. Lesson Content
1. Introduction to Phonics
Phonics is the method of teaching reading by matching letters to the sounds they make.
Example:
The letter “A” makes the sound /a/ as in apple.
2. The Alphabet and Their Basic Sounds
| Letter | Sound | Example Word |
|---|---|---|
| A | /a/ | apple |
| B | /b/ | ball |
| C | /k/ | cat |
| D | /d/ | dog |
| E | /e/ | egg |
| F | /f/ | fish |
| G | /g/ | goat |
| H | /h/ | hat |
| I | /i/ | ink |
| J | /j/ | jam |
| K | /k/ | kite |
| L | /l/ | lion |
| M | /m/ | man |
| N | /n/ | net |
| O | /o/ | orange |
| P | /p/ | pen |
| Q | /kw/ | queen |
| R | /r/ | rat |
| S | /s/ | sun |
| T | /t/ | tap |
| U | /u/ | umbrella |
| V | /v/ | van |
| W | /w/ | wig |
| X | /ks/ | box |
| Y | /y/ | yam |
| Z | /z/ | zebra |
3. Vowels and Consonants
Vowels: A, E, I, O, U
These letters have special sounds and are found in almost every word.
E.g., a – apple, e – eggConsonants: All the other letters.
4. Blending Sounds to Read Words
Blending is joining letter sounds together to read a word.
Example:
/c/ + /a/ + /t/ = cat
/d/ + /o/ + /g/ = dog
/s/ + /u/ + /n/ = sun
5. Activities and Practice
Sound out flashcards as a group.
Match letters with pictures (e.g., “B” with ball).
Clap and say the sounds aloud.
Sing the phonics alphabet song.
Play “What sound is this?” game.
Have pupils blend letters to make 3-letter (CVC) words.
D. Evaluation (Assessment)
Ask pupils the following:
What sound does the letter “D” make?
Which word begins with /b/? (bat or sun?)
Blend the sounds: /c/ /a/ /t/ – What word is that?
Name a vowel and say its sound.
What sound does the letter “M” make?
E. Assignment
Draw and label 3 things that start with the letters:
B
D
S
F. Conclusion
Recap all 26 letter sounds with pupils.
Encourage pupils to say the sounds at home with their parents.
End with a phonics song or a short quiz game.
